Organizational and Methodological Aspects of Accounting for Value Added Tax (VAT) Settlements in the Context of the Registration of Tax Invoices and Adjustment Calculations

Abstract

Value added tax (VAT) is one of the key revenue-generating taxes and has a significant impact on the financial performance, liquidity, and contractual relations of enterprises. In today’s business environment, the organization of VAT settlements—particularly the preparation and timely registration of tax invoices (hereinafter, TIs) and adjustment calculations (hereinafter, ACs) in the Unified Register of Tax Invoices (hereinafter, URTI)—is of special importance, since the registration status of these documents determines the possibility of claiming input VAT, minimizing tax risks, and avoiding financial penalties. At the same time, the practical application of electronic procedures for TI/AC registration is accompanied by a number of problems, including missed deadlines due to organizational and technical factors, errors in mandatory details, registration constraints caused by the VAT registration limit within the electronic VAT administration system, and suspension of registration as a result of automated risk monitoring of transactions and taxpayers. The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical generalization and to develop organizational and methodological approaches to accounting for VAT settlements in terms of registering tax invoices and adjustment calculations, aimed at improving the manageability of VAT processes, strengthening internal control, and reducing tax risks. To achieve this goal, methods of analyzing the regulatory framework, comparative and structural-logical analysis, generalization, and modeling were applied in developing algorithms for accounting support and control of TI/ACs. The procedure for preparing and registering TI/ACs within the electronic VAT administration system is systematized, and key control points of the process are identified. Approaches to applying general and special (martial-law) registration deadlines are summarized, and practical aspects of working with TI/ACs in the taxpayer’s Electronic Cabinet are disclosed. The mechanism of unconditional registration and the risk criteria for transactions and taxpayers that lead to registration suspension are analyzed, and the consequences of blocking for input VAT recognition and fulfillment of contractual obligations are determined. A set of organizational and methodological measures to minimize tax risks is proposed, including the introduction of an internal VAT process regulation with clear allocation of responsibilities and internal control deadlines; preventive verification of TI/AC details before submission for registration; managerial monitoring of the VAT registration limit; systematic preparation and updating of the taxpayer data table; creation of an analytical block in the accounting system to monitor suspended TI/ACs; and integration of unblocking procedures with internal control and internal audit. It is proven that improving the organization of VAT settlement accounting in terms of TI/AC registration should be based on a combination of methodological, organizational, and control instruments that ensure timely registration, reduce the likelihood of blocking and loss of input VAT, and enhance the reliability of accounting information. The practical implementation of the proposed measures contributes to higher tax discipline, better manageability of VAT processes, and more stable settlements with the budget and counterparties under digital tax administration. Further research should focus on developing methods for quantitative assessment of the impact of TI/AC blocking on enterprises’ financial stability, building VAT accounting risk-management models, and improving information integration between accounting systems and the taxpayer’s Electronic Cabinet.