Tariff policy as one of the main price factors affecting the efficiency of agricultural enterprises

Abstract

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of tariff policy as a key factor determining the economic efficiency of agricultural enterprises in the context of contemporary global trade challenges triggered by the protectionist measures of the Donald Trump administration in 2025 against Mexico, Canada, and China. The study examines the impact of tariffs imposed on imports from these countries on the cost of agricultural production, prices of agricultural products, and competitiveness in international markets.

Particular attention is given to the effect of the tariff announcement following Trump's election victory, which led to a decline in the market value of U.S. food sector companies and altered investment strategies due to anticipated cost increases. The main factors influencing the impact of tariffs are identified, including the rising costs of imported resources such as fertilizers, pesticides, machinery, and energy carriers, the transformation of global trade chains, and psychological pressure on market behavior, which heightened economic uncertainty.

The analysis reveals how these changes resulted in reduced profitability of agricultural enterprises, restricted access to export markets, and increased consumer prices, affecting purchasing power. Socio-economic consequences are also considered, including potential shifts in employment structures in partner countries and the stimulation of domestic production in the U.S. A range of adaptation strategies for agricultural enterprises is proposed, including reorientation to alternative markets, localization of resource supplies, adoption of innovative technologies, and enhanced cooperation with local producers.

The research findings hold theoretical value for deepening the understanding of the mechanisms by which trade barriers affect agricultural economics and practical significance for developing effective management decisions in the context of protectionism. The article’s conclusions can be applied in agricultural management practices, educational programs in economics, and serve as a foundation for further research on trade policy, risk management, and sustainable development of global agricultural markets.