Adaptation of the financial mechanisms of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union to the conditions of the agricultural sector of Ukraine

Abstract

The article examines the European mechanisms of financial support for the agricultural sector within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union and identifies the possibilities of their adaptation to the conditions of Ukraine in the context of its European integration course. It analyzes the evolution and current structure of the Common Agricultural Policy, in particular for the period 2023-2027, when a new strategic planning model was introduced, allowing member states to formulate their own national approaches to policy implementation based on common European goals.

The study highlights three key areas of the Common Agricultural Policy: direct support to farmers' incomes, market regulation, and rural development. Particular attention is paid to innovative financial support instruments, including eco-schemes, support schemes for young farmers, risk insurance mechanisms, concessional lending, guarantee funds, and digital solutions based on satellite monitoring, blockchain technologies, and specialized online platforms. It is noted that the European Union's approaches are increasingly focused on the principles of sustainable development, efficiency and environmental responsibility.

A comparative analysis of European and Ukrainian approaches to state support for the agricultural sector was conducted, emphasizing the existence of significant differences in terms of such criteria as the legal framework, institutional structure, transparency of mechanisms, support priorities, and the level of digitalization. In particular, the study points to the imperfections of the Ukrainian system: fragmented legislation, insufficient involvement of independent audit structures, low efficiency of existing programs, and a weak focus on sustainable development. In this context, the author emphasizes the need for a comprehensive reform of the national policy of financial support for farmers in line with EU standards.

The study concludes that the adaptation of the Common Agricultural Policy mechanisms to Ukrainian realities should be based on strengthening institutional capacity, creating a multi-level support system, developing transparent digital platforms, introducing innovative financial instruments, and ensuring the transition to results-based support. This approach will help to increase the competitiveness of the Ukrainian agricultural sector, its resilience to risks, and its integration into the European economic space.