Functioning of NCTS in Ukraine

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of implementation and functioning of the New Computerized Transit System (NCTS) in Ukraine in the context of its role in simplifying customs procedures, digitalization of transit processes and integration of Ukraine into the EU's common customs area. The study examines the regulatory, organizational and technical aspects of the NCTS implementation, assesses the results of the national and international stages of its application, and identifies the factors that impede the effective involvement of foreign economic operators in this system.

The methodological basis of the study is based on general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, as well as statistical analysis of the dynamics of customs declarations, indicators of authorization of enterprises and the use of transit simplifications. The study is based on official reports of the State Customs Service of Ukraine, materials from think tanks, including EU4PFM and BRDO, as well as international logistics efficiency rankings.

The findings confirm that the NCTS system is already reducing customs clearance time, reducing the number of documents, and reducing corruption risks. At the same time, a number of barriers have been identified that prevent small and medium-sized businesses from fully participating in the system: the high cost of financial guarantees, the complexity of authorization procedures, lack of awareness and limited IT infrastructure in certain regions. It is established that the growth rate of the number of transit declarations issued exceeds the dynamics of registration of new participants, which indicates limited adaptation of enterprises to new digital standards.

The conclusions emphasize that the further functioning of the NCTS should be based on regulatory harmonization with European customs law, development of digital competence of users, strengthening of information support for business, and ensuring compatibility of the NCTS with other digital logistics platforms (e-CMR, e-TIR). The author concludes that it is necessary to comprehensively improve the technical infrastructure of customs and simplify the access of enterprises to customs simplifications, which will help to increase the efficiency of international trade and the competitiveness of the Ukrainian logistics system.