Optimization of Distribution Warehouse Location in the Context of Forming a Centralized Distribution Network

Abstract

The article examines the features of optimizing the location of a distribution warehouse in the context of forming a centralized distribution network. The importance of the rational territorial placement of warehouse infrastructure for ensuring the efficiency of logistics processes, reducing transportation costs, and improving the level of logistics service is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the transformation of transport and logistics routes, the relocation of enterprises, and the strengthening of security risks on the development of warehouse logistics in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of optimizing the location of a distribution warehouse in the context of the centralization of a distribution network and to identify the factors influencing the efficiency of warehouse infrastructure functioning. The study focuses on the development of logistics infrastructure in the Lviv region, the adaptation of logistics systems to martial law conditions, and the use of digital technologies in the process of logistics decision-making. Methods. The article employs a systematic approach, methods of comparative and logical analysis, generalization, and scientific observation. An analytical approach was also applied to assess the impact of transport, infrastructural, and security factors on the efficiency of warehouse infrastructure location. Results. The role of the distribution warehouse within the structure of a centralized distribution network was examined, and the main criteria for selecting its location were identified. It was established that the efficiency of warehouse logistics depends on transport accessibility, the level of logistics infrastructure development, proximity to international transport corridors, and the possibility of prompt replanning of supply routes. The impact of martial law on the transformation of transport and logistics flows and the strengthening of the role of western regions of Ukraine in the structure of national logistics was analyzed. The expediency of using GIS technologies, ERP and WMS systems, GPS monitoring, and economic-mathematical modeling methods in the process of optimizing logistics decisions was substantiated. Conclusions. The results of the study confirm the necessity of a comprehensive approach to optimizing the location of distribution warehouses, taking into account logistical, economic, infrastructural, and security factors. It was established that the Lviv region is strengthening its position as an important transport and logistics center of Ukraine. It was determined that the implementation of digital technologies and modern analytical tools contributes to increasing the adaptability of the distribution network and improving the efficiency of warehouse logistics.