Improving the Classification of Leasing Operations in the Agricultural Sector under Martial Law and Post-War Recovery

Abstract

Under the conditions of martial law and the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine's economy, which are accompanied by significant losses of production capacity, destruction of infrastructure, disruption of logistics chains, and limited access to financial resources, the use of effective financial and credit instruments to support enterprises becomes particularly important. One of such instruments is leasing, which enables the renewal of the material and technical base without substantial one-time expenditures and contributes to the activation of investment processes. At the same time, the practical implementation of leasing operations in Ukraine is associated with a number of challenges, including instability of the regulatory framework, limited access to long-term financial resources, a high level of war-related and investment risks, and insufficient adaptation of existing classification approaches to current economic conditions. The purpose of the study is to provide a theoretical generalization and to develop organizational and methodological approaches to the development of leasing relations and the improvement of the classification of leasing operations, taking into account sectoral specifics, particularly the agricultural sector, under martial law and in the post-war recovery period. To achieve this goal, the methods of systemic and structural-logical analysis, comparison, generalization, scientific abstraction, and modeling were applied. The paper generalizes the economic essence of leasing as a complex category that integrates investment, credit, and lease relations. The main classification features of leasing operations are systematized according to their economic essence, duration, composition of participants, forms of payments, sources of financing, and objects. The necessity of improving existing classification approaches in view of contemporary challenges is substantiated. An extended classification of leasing operations for the agricultural sector is proposed, which includes such features as seasonality of use, level of state support, purpose, level of risk, and organizational forms of leasing implementation. It is determined that the introduction of adapted leasing mechanisms will enhance the accessibility of financial resources, align cash flows with production cycles, and reduce operational risks of enterprises. It is proven that leasing serves as an effective instrument for restoring production capacity, modernizing fixed assets, and stimulating investment activity of enterprises. The effective development of leasing relations should be based on a combination of financial, organizational, and state support mechanisms, improvement of the regulatory framework, and the implementation of digital technologies. The application of the proposed approaches will contribute to improving the efficiency of enterprise performance, particularly in the agricultural sector, and accelerate the processes of Ukraine's economic recovery. Prospects for further research are associated with the development of models for evaluating the efficiency of leasing operations taking into account war-related risks, the advancement of digital platforms, and the integration of leasing mechanisms into international financial systems.