Crisis-Management Banking Regulation: Lessons from Ukraine and the European Union

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of anti-crisis banking regulation as an element of ensuring financial stability and resilience of the banking sector amid growing macroeconomic imbalances and geopolitical challenges. The purpose of the study is to analyze anti-crisis banking regulation as a tool for ensuring financial stability, to compare the practices of Ukraine and the European Union, and to identify directions for improving the national regulatory system in the context of European integration processes. The study employs a set of economic analysis methods, including a systemic approach to assessing anti-crisis measures in the banking sector, comparative analysis of regulatory and legal frameworks of Ukraine and the EU, as well as methods of generalization and synthesis of academic sources to identify key trends and practices of anti-crisis regulation. The essence of anti-crisis banking regulation, its main objectives, and principles are examined. Key regulatory instruments are identified, including prudential and macroprudential supervision, stress testing, capital and liquidity requirements, early intervention mechanisms, recovery, and resolution of insolvent banks. Measures implemented by the National Bank of Ukraine during periods of financial crises, the COVID-19 pandemic, and martial law are analyzed, and their impact on the stability of the banking sector is assessed. Anti-crisis regulation in EU countries is examined, particularly the activities of the European Central Bank, the European Banking Authority, and the Banking Union. Common and distinctive features of approaches to anti-crisis regulation in Ukraine and the EU are identified, as well as challenges in implementing effective mechanisms within the national banking system. Directions for improving anti-crisis banking regulation in Ukraine are proposed, including the adaptation of European practices, strengthening the financial resilience of banks, enhancing early response systems, and increasing trust in the national financial system. The study confirms that comprehensive anti-crisis regulation is a necessary condition for the stable functioning of the banking sector and for ensuring the economic security of the state.